摘要:The industrialised capitalist nations are characterised by a tendency to reduce the time workers spend at their place of paid employment. Since 1870, worktimes in these societies have been reduced by approximately 40 per cent. Why working times should change has been a matter of debate for as long as capitalism has existed. The contemporary literature, however, appears to contain a basic consensus. It is accepted that standard times are determined primarily by worker preferences for income and leisure.