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标题：Parkinson disease and pesticide exposure
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作者：Frédéric Moisan ; Alexis Elbaz
期刊名称：Environnement, Risques & Santé
印刷版ISSN：1635-0421
电子版ISSN：1952-3398
出版年度：2011
卷号：10
期号：5
页码：372-384
DOI：10.1684/ers.2011.0482
出版社：John Libbey Eurotext
摘要：Figures See all figures Authors Frédéric Moisan , Alexis Elbaz Inserm U708 Neuroépidémiologie Hôpital de la Salpêtrière 47, boulevard de l’Hôpital 75651 Paris cedex 13 France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6 UMR S708 Neuroépidémiologie 47, boulevard de l’Hôpital 75005 Paris France Key words: agriculture, environmental exposure, Parkinson disease, pesticides DOI : 10.1684/ers.2011.0482 Page(s) : 372-84 Published in: 2011 Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disease of multifactorial etiology involving environmental and genetic factors. Among the environmental risk factors, pesticide exposure appears to be associated with this disease, according to the results of epidemiological and toxicological studies. The aim of this review is to present the main findings supporting this association and to discuss some methodological difficulties faced by these studies. More than 20 case-control studies, using different methods for assessing occupational exposure to pesticides, have shown an association with Parkinson disease. Three cohort studies have reported a similar relation. The association with non-occupational exposure (recreational or environmental) to pesticides has been studied less frequently. Because few studies have evaluated pesticide exposure in detail (product families, dose-effect relations, etc.), it is difficult to reach definitive conclusions about the role of specific substances or particular chemical families. Findings for insecticides nonetheless appear to be more consistent than those for herbicides or fungicides, although additional studies are still needed. Toxicological studies in vivo and in vitro have found similarities between some of the pathophysiological mechanisms observed in Parkinson disease and the effects induced by different pesticides. Overall, the studies performed to date indicate a generic association between occupational exposure to pesticides and Parkinson disease. Nevertheless, the multiple correlated exposures, which are frequent in an agricultural context, the long period of exposure, the late age of onset and the relative rarity of the disease, as well as significant differences in pesticide use between countries, all complicate the assessment of exposure to multiple types of pesticides and the study of their association with Parkinson disease.
关键词：agriculture; environmental exposure; Parkinson disease; pesticides