文章基本信息

标题：The Prevalence of Anaemia among Reproductive Age Group (15-45 Yrs) Women in A PHC of Rural Field Practice Area of MM Medical College, Ambala, India
本地全文：下载
作者：Yasunari Kanda
期刊名称：Women's Health Care
电子版ISSN：2167-0420
出版年度：2012
卷号：1
期号：3
页码：e104-e104
DOI：10.4172/2167-0420.1000e104
出版社：OMICS Group
摘要：Epidemiological studies have suggested that cigarette smoking isrelated to increased breast cancer risk. In agreement with this, clinicalstudies indicated that smoking increases breast cancer mortality andthe incidence of metastasis from the breasts to the lungs [1,2]. Cigarettesmoke contains over 4000 different chemicals, many of which are toxicand carcinogenic in a variety of cells, including breast epithelial cells [3].Among them, nicotine is considered to be related to increased cancerrisk. For example, nicotine has been shown to induce resistance to thechemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin in human MCF-7 breast cancercells [4]. Moreover, this compound has been shown to release vascularendothelial growth factor, which plays a key role in angiogenesis [5].However, limited experimental data support direct links betweenbreast cancer and nicotine exposure. In addition, the mechanisms bywhich nicotine might promote breast cancer are not fully understood.