摘要:Previous experiments on public goods dilemmas have found that the opportunity to
punish leads to higher contributions and reduces the free rider problem; however, a
substantial amount of punishment is targeted on high contributors. In the experiment reported
here, subjects are given the opportunity to vote on rules governing punishment. We found
that, from their first opportunity to vote, no group ever allowed punishment of high
contributors, most groups eventually voted to allow punishment of low contributors, and a
minority of groups never allowed any form of punishment. Groups allowing punishment of
low but not high contributors had significantly higher efficiency and contributions than
comparison groups with unrestricted punishment.