文章基本信息

标题：Bodenheterogenität als Indikator von Naturnähe? 2. Biologische, strukturelle und bodenkundliche Diversität in Natur- und Wirtschaftswäldern Brandenburgs und Nordwest-Polens
本地全文：下载
作者：HORNSCHUCH, F., RIEK, W
期刊名称：Waldökologie-Online
印刷版ISSN：1614-7103
出版年度：2009
卷号：2009
期号：07
出版社：Arbeitsgemeinschaft Forstliche Standorts- und Vegetationskunde (AFSV)
摘要：In the second part of this paper research findings are presented which describe variability and spatial heterogeneity of stand and soil properties in six pure beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.), oak ( Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl.) and pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) stands (three natural and regularly managed forests, respectively). The hypothesis was tested that naturalness is connected with higher α- and β-diversity concerning parameters of soil and other ecosystem compartments. A total of 9282 soil samples were analyzed and various soil parameters in 7 soil layers (0 – 5, 5 – 10, …, 25 – 30, 30 – 40 cm) were investigated using statistical and geostatistical methods. Furthermore the diversity of ground vegetation as well as stand structural and soil faunistical (Lumbricidae) properties was examined. Various indices to characterize stand structure, the rooting structure and the variability of the forest ground vegetation and earthworms, respectively, were calculated. Stand parameters and ground vegetation indicated more (bio-)diversity in the natural forests than in the regularly managed forests with corresponding tree species. In the natural forests generally higher variabilities and ranges of the soil parameters pH-value, effective cation exchange capacity (CECeff) and base saturation occurred. The same could be found out for humus, C- and N-content in the examined beech and oak stands, but not in the pine stands. The variability and autocorrelation of pedogenous properties (development of organic layer and soil horizons) give some inconsistent differences between natural and regularly managed forests. It was tried to find relations between the autocorrelation lengths of various soil properties as an expression of small-scale spatial soil pattern and ecological stand characteristics depending on hemeroby. The influences of the mean tree distance on pH-values and base saturation as well as the role of the rooting structure and local differing litter fall for the accumulation of humus, C and N are discussed. This paper is a first approach to describe soil variability and heterogeneity (small-scale soil pattern) as an indicator for naturalness. It is recommended to validate the presented results by further geostatistical analyses of spatial soil data of different stand types and by optimized sampling design.