期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2018
卷号：115
期号：21
页码：5492-5497
DOI：10.1073/pnas.1721275115
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：Chromosomal inversions are widely thought to be favored by natural selection because they suppress recombination between alleles that have higher fitness on the same genetic background or in similar environments. Nonetheless, few selected alleles have been characterized at the molecular level. Gene expression profiling provides a powerful way to identify functionally important variation associated with inversions and suggests candidate phenotypes. However, altered genome structure itself might also impact gene expression by influencing expression profiles of the genes proximal to inversion breakpoint regions or by modifying expression patterns genome-wide due to rearranging large regulatory domains. In natural inversions, genetic differentiation and genome structure are inextricably linked. Here, we characterize differential expression patterns associated with two chromosomal inversions found in natural Drosophila melanogaster populations. To isolate the impacts of genome structure, we engineered synthetic chromosomal inversions on controlled genetic backgrounds with breakpoints that closely match each natural inversion. We find that synthetic inversions have negligible effects on gene expression. Nonetheless, natural inversions have broad-reaching regulatory impacts in cis and trans . Furthermore, we find that differentially expressed genes associated with both natural inversions are enriched for loci associated with immune response to bacterial pathogens. Our results support the idea that inversions in D. melanogaster experience natural selection to maintain associations between functionally related alleles to produce complex phenotypic outcomes.
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