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标题：Pedogenesis, Pedochemistry and the Functional Structure of the Waldhufendorf Field System of the Deserted Medieval Village Spindelbach, the Czech Republic
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作者：Jan Horák ; Tomáš Klír
期刊名称：Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica : Natural Sciences in Archaeology
印刷版ISSN：1804-848X
出版年度：2017
卷号：VIII
期号：1
页码：43-57
出版社：Archaeological Centre Olomouc
摘要：Spindelbach was a Waldhufendorf type of village, i.e. every household could manage its own fieldsindependently of other households. Our study has importance for research on the economic and socialdevelopment between the Medieval and Modern Era and for studies of human impact. Performingsoil and geochemical mapping, we have identified four geochemical factors in a clearly interpretablepattern: 1) general geology and soil environment (represented mainly by Al, Si, K, Ti, Rb, Sr andZr) contrasting with the soil organic matter and with pollution coming from atmospheric deposition(P, As, Pb and LE – elements from H to Na); 2) modern pollution and possible historical humanactivity (mainly As and Pb vs Zn, Fe and Mn); 3) historical human activity related to the village(Zn and Sr); and 4) additional historical human activity of another spatial pattern (P). Although therewas no unambiguous relation between podzolization and the human activities observed, generallypodzol development was very rapid (it was positively observed on sites ploughed ca 600 years ago).Differences among the households’ agricultural managements were observed; these could be based on:1) types of land use in the village area; 2) management intensity; and 3) the subjective managementpreferences of the peasants. The differences were manifested by their intensity and by their spatialdistribution.
关键词：Medieval colonisation;Medieval-Modern Era transition;village economy;field system ecology;podzol;multi-element analysis;phosphorus