摘要:Pamela Herd is Professor of Public Affairs and Sociology atthe University of Wisconsin–Madison and an IRP Affiliate;Melissa Favreault is a Senior Fellow at the Urban Institute;Madonna Harrington Meyer is Professor of Sociology andSenior Research Associate at Syracuse University; TimothySmeeding is the Lee Rainwater Distinguished Professorof Public Affairs and Economics at the University ofWisconsin–Madison and an IRP Affiliate.