Organ and tissue transplantation have a long history in Iran. Some researchers believe that Avicenna was the first to suture nerves together. However, organ transplantation using modern methods and technologies goes back to 1930s. Registered data from Iran shows an acceptable progressing trend in the quantity and quality of various types of organ and tissue transplantation in Iran over recent decades. For instance, Iran has one of the most successful kidney transplantation programs in the region, along with various attempts of policy-makers in order to provide preventive approaches for end-stage renal diseases, distribute dialysis equipment, and enhance cadaveric organ donation. Referring to some published and unpublished data, the current article provides an overview of transplant activities in Iran over the past three decades. Furthermore, the background and characteristics of the Iranian Model of kidney donation will be also reviewed.