Dear Editor-in-Chief The knowledge of differentiation between hepatic and post-hepatic jaundice was unknown to the ancient physicians. Modern literature often points to Albrecht von Haller as being the first to describe obstructive jaundice in 1764. Our recent investigations elucidated that Haly Abbas (? 930- 994 CE), a medieval Persian physician, introduced this disease and its characteristic clinical findings prior to him. He was an influential physician and surgeon of the Islamic Medicine Golden Age (9th-12th centuries CE). He authored a concise and practical textbook on surgery and medicine, entitledKamil al-Sinaah al-Tibbiyah(The Perfect Book of the Art of Medicine) oral-Kitab al-Maliki (The Royal Book) (Fig.1).