文章基本信息

标题：Spasmolytic Effects of Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae (AFA) Extract on the Human Colon Contractility
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作者：Antonella Amato ; Simona Terzo ; Pierenrico Marchesa 等
期刊名称：Nutrients
电子版ISSN：2072-6643
出版年度：2021
卷号：13
期号：10
DOI：10.3390/nu13103445
语种：English
出版社：MDPI Publishing
摘要：The blue-green algae Aphanizomenon flos aquae (AFA), rich in beneficial nutrients, exerts various beneficial effects, acting in different organs including the gut. Klamin ® is an AFA extract particularly rich in β-PEA, a trace-amine considered a neuromodulator in the central nervous system. To date, it is not clear if β-PEA exerts a role in the enteric nervous system. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects induced by Klamin ® on the human distal colon mechanical activity, to analyze the mechanism of action, and to verify a β-PEA involvement. The organ bath technique, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used. Klamin ® reduced, in a concentration-dependent manner, the amplitude of the spontaneous contractions. EPPTB, a trace-amine receptor (TAAR1) antagonist, significantly antagonized the inhibitory effects of both Klamin ® and exogenous β-PEA, suggesting a trace-amine involvement in the Klamin ® effects. Accordingly, AphaMax ®, an AFA extract containing lesser amount of β-PEA, failed to modify colon contractility. Moreover, the Klamin ® effects were abolished by tetrodotoxin, a neural blocker, but not by L-NAME, a nitric oxide-synthase inhibitor. On the contrary methysergide, a serotonin receptor antagonist, significantly antagonized the Klamin ® effects, as well as the contractility reduction induced by 5-HT. The RT-PCR analysis revealed TAAR1 gene expression in the colon and the IHC experiments showed that 5-HT-positive neurons are co-expressed with TAAR1 positive neurons. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that Klamin ® exerts spasmolytic effects in human colon contractility through β-PEA, that, by activating neural TAAR1, induce serotonin release from serotoninergic neurons of the myenteric plexus.
关键词：enAFA extract;Klamin®;human colon contractility;β-PEA;motility discomfort